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VIX and VIX Futures Pricing Algorithms: Cultivating Understanding  [PDF]
Hancock G. D’Anne
Modern Economy (ME) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/me.2012.33038
Abstract: This article reviews the development of the S&P 500 volatility index and uses market information to develop algorithms which aid in clarifying some of the salient points in the determination of an index value. Understanding the pertinent points provides insight into the interpretation and limitations of the usefulness of the VIX and other VIX-type contracts.
A Working Classification of Retraction for the Whole Tympanic Membrane  [PDF]
G. D. Barr
International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery (IJOHNS) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/ijohns.2013.24031
Abstract:

Objective: To formulate a reliable classification of tympanic membrane retraction which is easy to use but capable of detecting small differences in retraction. Study Design: Prospective study. Methods: The classification was developed from observations dividing the drum into 3 areas: the pars tensa anterior to the malleus, type I, posterior to the malleus (subdivided into upper and lower) type II, and attic type III. The subclassification on paper is more complicated but using a database it is easy to use. The classification is automatically calculated by the database which can also be converted to numerical form. The classification also allows documentation of active disease in retractions. Photographs of seven retracted ear drums were incorporated into the database and ten otolaryngologists asked to classify them. Five were asked to reclassify the retractions in the same way after 3 months. Results: Intra class correlation was significantly high (>0.9) for pars tensa, attic, and for bony erosion. Cronbach’s alpha values were also high (>0.9) in all groups. Retest values were evaluated with Wilcoxon’s signed rank sum test establishing that there was no significant difference in results. Conclusion: The classification shows reliabiliy and validity allowing detection of small changes in tympanic membrane retraction especially affecting the pars tensa but allows classification of the whole tympanic membrane.

Behind the Rejection of Alternative Measures of Implied Equity Volatility: A Note  [PDF]
G. D. Hancock
Journal of Financial Risk Management (JFRM) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/jfrm.2013.21002
Abstract:

This note evaluates the risk-adjusted performance of the implied volatility of the NASDAQ index (VXN), Russell 2000 (RVX) and Dow Jones Industrial Averages (VXD). The results are compared to the performance of the implied volatility of the S & P 500 (VIX) in order to identify the unique contribution of each volatility index. Futures and option contracts have been offered on the VXD, VXN and RVX with results so dismal that the contracts were eventually delisted. In May 2012 futures were once again offered on the VXN but there is little market interest as indicated by the low trading volume. This note finds that the equity index implied volatility measures on VXN, RVX and VXD do not offer sufficient benefits beyond what investors can achieve with VIX which may explain, in part, the rejection of derivatives written on those measures of tradable implied index volatility.

Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography with Gadofosveset Used in Detection and Localization of Bleeding  [PDF]
D. Durant, G. Annamalai
Open Journal of Radiology (OJRad) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/ojrad.2014.41004
Abstract:

It has been established that internal hemorrhage can be detected and localized with noninvasive and minimally invasive imaging methods such as CT angiography, conventional angiography and nuclear scintigraphy. The use of steady-state MRI with the relatively new intravascular contrast agent gadofosveset offers the possibility of accurate anatomic localization of bleeding without the use of ionizing radiation or iodinated contrast media. To illustrate this assertion, we describe two cases from our institution in which MR angiography was successfully performed specifically for this indication.

Asymmetric Three-Phase Cascading Trinary-DC Source Multilevel Inverter Topologies for Variable Frequency PWM  [PDF]
G. Irusapparajan, D. Periyaazhagar
Circuits and Systems (CS) , 2016, DOI: 10.4236/cs.2016.74043
Abstract: Asymmetric three-phase cascading Trinary-DC source Multilevel Inverter which can achieve reduced harmonics and superior root mean square (RMS) values of the output voltage is proposed. This topology can achieve cascaded full bridge inverter operation with dissimilar (unequal) DC Source and it is fired by using variable frequency pulse with modulation technique as a switching strategy. This pulse width modulation switching strategy has a newly adopted multicarrier single reference technique. The performance parameter factors like Form Factor (FF), Crest Factor (CF), Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and fundamental RMS output voltage (VRMS) are estimated by using proposed asymmetrical three-phase cascading multilevel inverter for several modulation indices (0.8 - 1). The research study carries with MATLAB/SIMULINK based simulation and experimental results obtained using appropriate prototype (test board) to prove the viability of the proposed concept.
Variability in Surgical Quality among Surgeons in Breast Cancer Surgery  [PDF]
S. G. D. Gangadaran
Advances in Breast Cancer Research (ABCR) , 2016, DOI: 10.4236/abcr.2016.54015
Abstract: Introduction: Quality assurance is an essential aspect of cancer care. Assessment of surgical quality in breast cancer is still evolving. Variability in surgical care among surgeons has been well documented in literature and we sought to investigate such variation between two groups of surgeons referring patients to our oncology center. Methods: A prospective review of patient records of all breast cancer referrals to our department was made. Two groups were identified and segregated based on the performance of mastectomy by a general surgeon (GS) or by a surgical oncologist (SO). Patients treated with modified radical mastectomy for clinical stages 1 - 3 were included for the study. Patient demographic data and disease related information were collected in addition to thorough evaluation of the surgical pathology report. Margin positivity, mean nodal harvest, nodal ratio, inadequate axillary clearance, revision surgery and the use of radiotherapy for inadequate nodal dissection were the parameters evaluated in the study. Results: A total of 142 patient records were evaluated 72 designated as group 1 (general surgeons) and 70 as group 2 (surgical oncologist). The median age was 52 years and both groups were evenly balanced for age, laterality of breast lesion, histological type and grade. The mean nodal harvest was 8 vs. 14 nodes, and significant differences were observed in favor of surgical oncology group in margin positivity (P = 0.01), inadequate axillary clearance (P
Optimal Operation of Multipurpose Reservoir for Irrigation Planning with Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater  [PDF]
N. G. Nikam, D. G. Regulwar
Journal of Water Resource and Protection (JWARP) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2015.78052
Abstract: In the present study, a Linear Programming (LP) model is developed for the conjunctive use of surface water and ground water to obtain the optimal operating policy for a multipurpose single reservoir. The objective of the present study is to maximize the net benefit from the command area under consideration. The constraints imposed on the objective function are maximum and minimum irrigation demands, reservoir storages and canal capacity. The model takes into account the continuity constraint which includes inflows in to the reservoir, releases for irrigation, releases for hydro-power generation, evaporation losses, feeder canal releases, initial and final storages in the reservoir in each time period. The developed model is applied to the case study of Jayakwadi reservoir stage-I, built across river Godavari, Maharashtra, India. Initially the model is solved for the availability of surface water which results in net benefit of 3373.45 million rupees with irrigation intensity is 57.07%. Next the model solved by considering the availability of surface water and available potential of groundwater in the area, which results in net benefits of 3590.02 million rupees with an intensity of irrigation 58.48%. The present model takes in to account the socio-economic requirement of growing the essential crops to meet the requirement of the society. The model has also generated the canal wise optimal releases for irrigation and power, monthly utilization of groundwater, storages in the reservoir at the end of every month and corresponding head over the turbine.
Third Order Current Mode Universal Filter Using Only Op.amp. and OTAs  [PDF]
G. N. Shinde, D. D. Mulajkar
Circuits and Systems (CS) , 2010, DOI: 10.4236/cs.2010.12011
Abstract: A novel current mode active-only universal filter using four dual current output Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTAs) and three Operational Amplifiers (OAs) is presented. The circuit can realize low pass and high pass filter characteristics by choosing the suitable current output branches. The filter performance factors natural frequency (ω0), bandwidth , quality factor Q and transconductance gain gm are electronically tunable. The proposed circuit has very low sensitivities with respect to circuit active elements. From sensitivity analysis, it has been clearly shown that the proposed circuit has very low sensitivities with respect to the circuit active elements. The gain roll-off of high pass and low pass configuration is 18 dB/oc- tave. The proposed circuit facilitates integrability, programmability and ease of implementation.
A Possible Realization of Chlorophyll Lase  [PDF]
Mitali Konwar, G. D. Baruah
Optics and Photonics Journal (OPJ) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/opj.2013.38060
Abstract:

The present work is concerned with a description of strong fluorescence from a sample of Alocasia culcullata schot (local name Kolia kasu) and possible realization of chlorophyll laser. The red florescence is most prominent when excited with broad band source like 30 mW green or blue solid state laser, but the acetone extract of plant leaves Allocasa cullcuta schot unusually exhibits the strong intensity in the red sector of the spectrum. A dark room can be easily illuminated with this red radiation. We have used this fact to explore a possible realization of chlorophyll laser which would be a natural environmental phenomenon.

Aware Time in Bug Fix—A Novel Automatic Test Case Selection for Prioritization of Version Control  [PDF]
G. Parkavi, D. Jeya Mala
Circuits and Systems (CS) , 2016, DOI: 10.4236/cs.2016.77098
Abstract: The supreme goal of the Automatic Test case selection techniques is to guarantee systematic coverage, to recognize the usual error forms and to lessen the test of redundancy. It is unfeasible to carry out all the test cases consistently. For this reason, the test cases are picked and prioritize it. The major goal of test case prioritization is to prioritize the test case sequence and finds faults as early as possible to improve the efficiency. Regression testing is used to ensure the validity and the enhancement part of the changed software. In this paper, we propose a new path compression technique (PCUA) for both old version and new version of BPEL dataset. In order to analyze the enhancement part of an application and to find an error in an enhancement part of an application, center of the tree has been calculated. Moreover in the comparative analysis, our proposed PCUA- COT technique is compared with the existing XPFG technique in terms of time consuming and error detection in the path of an enhancement part of BPEL dataset. The experimental results have been shown that our proposed work is better than the existing technique in terms of time consuming and error detection.
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